Common Linux Commands
Submitted by nataoh on Mon, 10/22/2007 - 12:02.
Below comon commands that are used within the Linux as well as the Unix OS are displayed. In many cases there is a mystique surrounding the skills of those who practice security as their craft. Yet, many times the reality is these individuals just have a deaper understanding of what the operating system they use can perform.
| Command | Description | |
| alias | Set and view command aliases. | |
| arch | Print machine architecture. | |
| awk | Pattern scanning and processing language. | |
| bash | Bourne Again SHell. | |
| bg | Move process running in foreground to the background. | |
| biff | Be notified when mail arrives. | |
| cat | Concatenate and print files. | |
| cd | Change directory. | |
| chage | Change user password expiry information. | |
| chgrp | Change group ownership. | |
| chmod | Change file permissions. | |
| chown | Change file and group owner. | |
| chroot | Run command with special root directory. | |
| chsh | Change login shell. | |
| clear | Clear the terminal screen. | |
| cp | Copy files and directories. | |
| crontab | Maintain crontab files. | |
| csh | C shell. | |
| cut | Remove sections from each line of files. | |
| date | Print or set the system date and time. | |
| dd | Convert and copy a file. | |
| df | Print file-system disk space usage. | |
| diff | Find differences between files. | |
| dig | DNS (Domain Name System) lookup utility. | |
| dmesg | Print diagnostic messages from system buffer. | |
| dnsdomainname | Show system's DNS (Domain Name System) domain name. | |
| domainname | Show system's NIS (Network Information System) | |
| or YP | (Yellow Pages) name. | |
| du | Estimate file space usage. | |
| echo | Display a line of text. | |
| env | Run a program in a modified environment. | |
| false | Exit with a status code indicating failure. | |
| fdisk | Disk partition table manipulator. | |
| fg | Move process running in background to the foreground. | |
| file | Determine file type. | |
| find | Search for files in a directory hierarchy. | |
| free | Display amount of free and used system memory. | |
| ftp | FTP client. | |
| fuser | Identify processes using files or sockets. | |
| gcc | GNU C and C++ compiler. | |
| grep | Print lines matching a given pattern. | |
| groupadd | Create a new group. | |
| groupdel | Delete a group. | |
| groupmod | Modify a group. | |
| groups | Print all the groups the user belongs to. | |
| gunzip | Uncompress files compressed using Lempel Ziv encoding. | |
| gzip | Compress files using Lempel Ziv encoding. | |
| host | DNS (Domain Name System) lookup utility. | |
| hostname | Show or set system hostname. | |
| id | Print real and effective user IDs and group IDs. | |
| ifconfig | Configure a network interface. | |
| kill | Terminate a process. | |
| ksh | Korn shell. | |
| last | Show listing of last logged in users. | |
| lastlog | Show last login times of accounts. | |
| ln | Make links between files. | |
| ls | List directory contents. | |
| Send and receive mail. | ||
| man | Format and display manual pages. | |
| mesg | Control write access to a terminal. | |
| mkdir | Make directories. | |
| more | Display file contents one screenful at a time. | |
| mount | Mount a file system. | |
| mv | Move and rename files and directories. | |
| netstat | Print network connections routing tables interface statistics | |
| masquerade | connections and multicast memberships. | |
| nice | Run a program with modified scheduling priority. | |
| nslookup | Query Internet name servers. | |
| passwd | Change login and password attributes. | |
| ping | Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts. | |
| ps | Report process status. | |
| pwd | Print name of working directory. | |
| quota | Display disk usage and limits. | |
| quotaoff | Turn off file-system quotas. | |
| quotaon | Turn on file-system quotas. | |
| repquota | Summarize quotas for a file system. | |
| rm | Remove files or directories. | |
| rmdir | Remove empty directories. | |
| route | Show or manipulate system routing table. | |
| rpcinfo | Report RPC (Remote Procedure Calls) information. | |
| sed | Stream Editor. | |
| setquota | Set disk quotas. | |
| showmount | Show mount information for an NFS (Network File System) server. | |
| shutdown | Bring the system down. | |
| sleep | Delay for a specified amount of time. | |
| sort | Sort lines of text files. | |
| strace | Trace system calls and signals. | |
| strings | Print printable characters in files. | |
| su | Run a shell with substitute user and group IDs. | |
| tail | Output the last part of files. | |
| tar | Archiving utility. | |
| tcsh | C shell with filename completion and command editing. | |
| telnet | Telnet client. | |
| tftp | TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) client. | |
| traceroute | Print the route that packets take to a destination host. | |
| true | Exit with a status code indicating success. | |
| umount | Unmount a file system. | |
| uname | Print system information. | |
| useradd | Create a new user. | |
| userdel | Delete user account. | |
| uptime | Print how long the system has been running. | |
| vi | Text editor. | |
| w | Show users that are logged on and what they are doing. | |
| wa | ll Send message to every user's terminal. | |
| wc | Print the number of bytes | |
| whereis | Locate the binary | |
| which | Show the full path of commands. | |
| who | Show users that are logged on. | |
| whoami | Print effective user ID. | |
| write | Send a message to another user. | |
| ypdomainname | Show or set system's NIS (Network Information System)or YP (Yellow Pages) domain name. |
Reference: DataStronghold.com
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